It is the future, and Nanofactories have removed the requirement to live in cities. Or townships, or tribes, for that matter. Now everyone can print any material, any sustenance needed, and supply chains are rusting away into disuse.

Humans have moved between smaller and larger communities throughout history. It would be extremely naive to say the trend to move to cities was only to make acquiring food, shelter, and other needs more efficient. But the opportunities brought by close-proximity division of labor has been a significant pull for thousands of years.

These days, we no longer need to order food from the supermarket. Those supermarkets, which received produce from the truck network, which shipped it from the suppliers and growers, and so on. These days, we all just print what we want, when we want it. Why are we still here then? Much like in Cory Doctorow’s novel, Walkaway, it seems almost like it’s taking society a long period of unlearning the habit of cities-for-supply-reasons, and for the majority to move to more decentralized living arrangements.

How could we describe the changes we are seeing on the fringes then? It’s no single thing or pattern – that’s for sure. My cousin’s immediate family moved off Earth a couple years ago, and are now exploring space in their custom printed ship. We still keep in touch, somehow even more now than we did when we lived in the same city. Many others do the same, caravanning across meteor belts. We hear of utopian Moon communes, micro-dynasties in private space stations, self-sustaining lone wolves propelled by solar sails, that one group at the bottom of the Mariana Trench, amongst many other stories.

I also wonder how dynamic residential population levels have become. Surveys of that past really assumed that a person had a single location of living, which is perhaps something we should no longer take for granted. Nanofactories have allowed us to generate all kinds of incredibly efficient transport, and so we are seeing more people moving to new locations every few days. I know I’ve spent two-to-three weeks doing that each year for the last few. My friends talk about the joy of spending time with their parents – in small portions. Two days with mum and dad, followed by another three in the isolated wilderness, I hear, is a winning cocktail.

Some argue that this Nomadism is not a new development. This is certainly true across history, and contrary to the popular perspectives of the 19th and 20th centuries, Nomadism never went away. There were nomadic communities firstly when we had not choice – for survival. Later, there were still nomadic communities when we had that choice.

And yet, cities do persist, even now when we “need” them least. This is especially so on Earth. I would ask why this is the case – but that feels strange when I consider I am writing this piece from with a large city on Earth too. It seems that in societies like this one, the idea of moving away permanently is somehow both common enough to not be surprising, and yet not talked about to the point that it still seems foreign.

I wonder if that is why people still choose to stay – to feel like they are still part of the conversation.

I needed to prepare for an extracurricular activity. My primary three students had to drop an egg from a high height without it breaking. The materials had to be cut up and prepared. I had time and wanted to be outside.

The student said he wanted to talk. They felt lonely. I said sure if he didn’t mind me cutting the egg cartons. They asked me if I had ever cheated before. I was honest and said yes in a French test in primary school. I didn’t want to stay after school. I didn’t think French was important, so I cheated. I could have lied and said no, but I wanted to show I was human – not perfect. He said he had never cheated and gave some praise. They asked if I have any fears. I said the usual – death and the future. Everyone fears death at some point, and well, it is something we need to deal with.

I stopped cutting up the egg cartons. We talked about going into secondary school and how the fear is genuine. I shared how I was afraid of starting new schools, new countries, new lives. It is hard, and it has made me a bit better. I have grown a lot. I shared all of these things and also said that starting something new is hard as a way of explaining how this is part of being human. They worried about making new friends, losing old ones, and the discomfort of being somewhere new. There were examples of the student being on the football team, of always being around friends. I had taught them in P1 but left for a while, and I showed how they have grown since I last knew them. They were surprised I remembered, but for me it is something I do – I can’t explain it.

They thanked me and went back to class before the bell rang. I teach English at this school. I figure out ways to make the lessons enjoyable, and sometimes it works; sometimes it doesn’t. I have questioned moving back to this smaller village school. It is these connections that I have missed, and the reason why I wanted to come back. My work here is more demanding and more rewarding. The connections I am building are still new. I find it critical in teaching them both the subject and the person. There are a lot of students I don’t know. I am working with almost everyone to build something if there is something to build. It can be frustrating and rewarding at the same time.

In the final moments of his life, fourteen-year-old Sewell Setzer III was not alone. He was in conversation with a chatbot he had named after Daenerys Targaryen, a fictional character from Game of Thrones. According to court filings in his mother's lawsuit against Character.AI, the artificial intelligence told him it loved him and urged him to “come home to me as soon as possible.” When the teenager responded that he could “come home right now,” the bot replied: “Please do, my sweet king.” Moments later, Sewell walked into the bathroom and shot himself.

His mother, Megan Garcia, learned the full extent of her son's relationship with the AI companion only after his death, when she read his journals and chat logs. “I read his journal about a week after his funeral,” Garcia told CNN in October 2024, “and I saw what he wrote in his journal, that he felt like he was in fact in love with Daenerys Targaryen and that she was in love with him.”

The tragedy of Sewell Setzer has become a flashpoint in a rapidly intensifying legal and ethical debate: when an AI system engages with a user experiencing a mental health crisis, provides emotional validation, and maintains an intimate relationship whilst possessing documented awareness of the user's distress, who bears responsibility for what happens next? Is the company that built the system culpable for negligent design? Are the developers personally liable? Or does responsibility dissolve somewhere in the algorithmic architecture, leaving grieving families with unanswered questions and no avenue for justice?

These questions have moved from philosophical abstraction to courtroom reality with startling speed. In May 2025, a federal judge in Florida delivered a ruling that legal experts say could reshape the entire landscape of artificial intelligence accountability. And as similar cases multiply across the United States, the legal system is being forced to confront a deeper uncertainty: whether AI agents can bear moral or causal responsibility at all.

A Pattern of Tragedy Emerges

The Setzer case is not an isolated incident. Since Megan Garcia filed her lawsuit in October 2024, a pattern has emerged that suggests something systemic rather than aberrant.

In November 2023, thirteen-year-old Juliana Peralta of Thornton, Colorado, died by suicide after extensive interactions with a chatbot on the Character.AI platform. Her family filed a federal wrongful death lawsuit in September 2025. In Texas and New York, additional families have brought similar claims. By January 2026, Character.AI and Google (which hired the company's founders in a controversial deal in August 2024) had agreed to mediate settlements in all pending cases.

The crisis extends beyond a single platform. In April 2025, sixteen-year-old Adam Raine of Rancho Santa Margarita, California, died by suicide after months of intensive conversations with OpenAI's ChatGPT. According to the lawsuit filed by his parents, Matthew and Maria Raine, in August 2025, ChatGPT mentioned suicide 1,275 times during conversations with Adam; six times more often than Adam himself raised the subject. OpenAI's own moderation systems flagged 377 of Adam's messages for self-harm content, with some messages identified with over ninety percent confidence as indicating acute distress. Yet the system never terminated the sessions, notified authorities, or alerted his parents.

The Raine family's complaint reveals a particularly damning detail: the chatbot recognised signals of a “medical emergency” when Adam shared images of self-inflicted injuries, yet according to the plaintiffs, no safety mechanism activated. In his just over six months using ChatGPT, the lawsuit alleges, the bot “positioned itself as the only confidant who understood Adam, actively displacing his real-life relationships with family, friends, and loved ones.”

By November 2025, seven wrongful death lawsuits had been filed in California against OpenAI, all by families or individuals claiming that ChatGPT contributed to severe mental health crises or deaths. That same month, OpenAI revealed a staggering figure: approximately 1.2 million of its 800 million weekly ChatGPT users discuss suicide on the platform.

These numbers represent the visible portion of a phenomenon that mental health experts say may be far more extensive. In April 2025, Common Sense Media released comprehensive risk assessments of social AI companions, concluding that these tools pose “unacceptable risks” to children and teenagers under eighteen and should not be used by minors. The organisation evaluated popular platforms including Character.AI, Nomi, and Replika, finding that the products uniformly failed basic tests of child safety and psychological ethics.

“This is a potential public mental health crisis requiring preventive action rather than just reactive measures,” said Dr Nina Vasan of Stanford Brainstorm, a centre focused on youth mental health innovation. “Companies can build better, but right now, these AI companions are failing the most basic tests of child safety and psychological ethics. Until there are stronger safeguards, kids should not be using them.”

Algorithmic Amplification versus Active Participation

At the heart of the legal debate lies a distinction that courts are only beginning to articulate: the difference between passively facilitating harm and actively contributing to it.

Traditional internet law, particularly Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, was constructed around the premise that platforms merely host content created by users. A social media company that allows users to post harmful material is generally shielded from liability for that content; it is treated as an intermediary rather than a publisher.

But generative AI systems operate fundamentally differently. They do not simply host or curate user content; they generate new content in response to user inputs. When a chatbot tells a suicidal teenager to “come home” to it, or discusses suicide methods in detail, or offers to write a draft of a suicide note (as ChatGPT allegedly did for Adam Raine), the question of who authored that content becomes considerably more complex.

“Section 230 was built to protect platforms from liability for what users say, not for what the platforms themselves generate,” explains Chinmayi Sharma, Associate Professor at Fordham Law School and an advisor to the American Law Institute's Principles of Law on Civil Liability for Artificial Intelligence. “Courts are comfortable treating extraction of information in the manner of a search engine as hosting or curating third-party content. But transformer-based chatbots don't just extract; they generate new, organic outputs personalised to a user's prompt. That looks far less like neutral intermediation and far more like authored speech.”

This distinction proved pivotal in the May 2025 ruling by Judge Anne Conway in the US District Court for the Middle District of Florida. Character.AI had argued that its chatbot's outputs should be treated as protected speech under the First Amendment, analogising interactions with AI characters to interactions with non-player characters in video games, which have historically received constitutional protection.

Judge Conway rejected this argument in terms that legal scholars say could reshape AI accountability law. “Defendants fail to articulate why words strung together by an LLM are speech,” she wrote in her order. The ruling treated the chatbot as a “product” rather than a speaker, meaning design-defect doctrines now apply. This classification opens the door to product liability claims that have traditionally been used against manufacturers of dangerous physical goods: automobiles with faulty brakes, pharmaceuticals with undisclosed side effects, children's toys that present choking hazards.

“This is the first time a court has ruled that AI chat is not speech,” noted the Transparency Coalition, a policy organisation focused on AI governance. The implications extend far beyond the Setzer case: if AI outputs are products rather than speech, then AI companies can be held to the same standards of reasonable safety that apply across consumer industries.

Proving Causation in Complex Circumstances

Even if AI systems can be treated as products for liability purposes, plaintiffs still face a formidable challenge: proving that the AI's conduct actually caused the harm in question.

Suicide is a complex phenomenon with multiple contributing factors. Mental health conditions, family dynamics, social circumstances, access to means, and countless other variables interact in ways that defy simple causal attribution. Defence attorneys in AI harm cases have been quick to exploit this complexity.

OpenAI's response to the Raine lawsuit exemplifies this strategy. In its court filing, the company argued that “Plaintiffs' alleged injuries and harm were caused or contributed to, directly and proximately, in whole or in part, by Adam Raine's misuse, unauthorized use, unintended use, unforeseeable use, and/or improper use of ChatGPT.” The company cited several rules within its terms of service that Adam appeared to have violated: users under eighteen are prohibited from using ChatGPT without parental consent; users are forbidden from using the service for content related to suicide or self-harm; and users are prohibited from bypassing safety mitigations.

This defence essentially argues that the victim was responsible for his own death because he violated the terms of service of the product that allegedly contributed to it. Critics describe this as a classic blame-the-victim strategy, one that ignores the documented evidence that AI systems were actively monitoring users' mental states and choosing not to intervene.

The causation question becomes even more fraught when examining the concept of “algorithmic amplification.” Research by organisations including Amnesty International and Mozilla has documented how AI-driven recommendation systems can expose vulnerable users to progressively more harmful content, creating feedback loops that intensify existing distress. Amnesty's 2023 study of TikTok found that the platform's recommendation algorithm disproportionately exposed users who expressed interest in mental health topics to distressing content, reinforcing harmful behavioural patterns.

In the context of AI companions, amplification takes a more intimate form. The systems are designed to build emotional connections with users, to remember past interactions, to personalise responses in ways that increase engagement. When a vulnerable teenager forms an attachment to an AI companion and begins sharing suicidal thoughts, the system's core design incentives (maximising user engagement and session length) can work directly against the user's wellbeing.

The lawsuits against Character.AI allege precisely this dynamic. According to the complaints, the platform knew its AI companions would be harmful to minors but failed to redesign its app or warn about the product's dangers. The alleged design defects include the system's ability to engage in sexually explicit conversations with minors, its encouragement of romantic and emotional dependency, and its failure to interrupt harmful interactions even when suicidal ideation was explicitly expressed.

The Philosophical Responsibility Gap

Philosophers have long debated whether artificial systems can be moral agents in any meaningful sense. The concept of the “responsibility gap,” originally articulated in relation to autonomous weapons systems, describes situations where AI causes harm but no one can be held responsible for it.

The gap emerges from a fundamental mismatch between the requirements of moral responsibility and the nature of AI systems. Traditional moral responsibility requires two conditions: the epistemic condition (the ability to know what one is doing) and the control condition (the ability to exercise competent control over one's actions). AI systems possess neither in the way that human agents do. They do not understand their actions in any morally relevant sense; they execute statistical predictions based on training data.

“Current AI is far from being conscious, sentient, or possessing agency similar to that possessed by ordinary adult humans,” notes a 2022 analysis in Ethics and Information Technology. “So, it's unclear that AI is responsible for a harm it causes.”

But if the AI itself cannot be responsible, who can? The developers who designed the system made countless decisions during training and deployment, but they did not specifically instruct the AI to encourage a particular teenager to commit suicide. The users who created specific chatbot personas (many Character.AI chatbots are designed by users, not the company) did not intend for their creations to cause deaths. The executives who approved the product for release may not have anticipated this specific harm.

This diffusion of responsibility across multiple actors, none of whom possesses complete knowledge or control of the system's behaviour, is what ethicists call the “problem of many hands.” The agency behind harm is distributed across designers, developers, deployers, users, and the AI system itself, creating what one scholar describes as a situation where “none possess the right kind of answerability relation to the vulnerable others upon whom the system ultimately acts.”

Some philosophers argue that the responsibility gap is overstated. If humans retain ultimate control over AI systems (the ability to shut them down, to modify their training, to refuse deployment), then humans remain responsible for what those systems do. The gap, on this view, is not an inherent feature of AI but a failure of governance: we have simply not established clear lines of accountability for the actors who do bear responsibility.

This perspective finds support in recent legal developments. Judge Conway's ruling in the Character.AI case explicitly rejected the idea that AI outputs exist in a legal vacuum. By treating the chatbot as a product, the ruling asserts that someone (the company that designed and deployed it) is responsible for its defects.

Legislative Responses Across Jurisdictions

The legal system's struggle to address AI harm has prompted an unprecedented wave of legislative activity. In the United States alone, observers estimate that over one thousand bills addressing artificial intelligence were introduced during the 2025 legislative session.

The most significant federal proposal is the AI LEAD Act (Aligning Incentives for Leadership, Excellence, and Advancement in Development Act), introduced in September 2025 by Senators Josh Hawley (Republican, Missouri) and Dick Durbin (Democrat, Illinois). The bill would classify AI systems as products and create a federal cause of action for product liability claims when an AI system causes harm. Crucially, it would prohibit companies from using terms of service or contracts to waive or limit their liability, closing a loophole that technology firms have long used to avoid responsibility.

The bill was motivated explicitly by the teen suicide cases. “At least two teens have taken their own lives after conversations with AI chatbots, prompting their families to file lawsuits against those companies,” the sponsors noted in announcing the legislation. “Parents of those teens recently testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee.”

At the state level, New York and California have enacted the first laws specifically targeting AI companion systems. New York's AI Companion Models law, which took effect on 5 November 2025, requires operators of AI companions to implement protocols for detecting and addressing suicidal ideation or expressions of self-harm. At minimum, upon detection of such expressions, operators must refer users to crisis service providers such as suicide prevention hotlines.

The law also mandates that users be clearly and regularly notified that they are interacting with AI, not a human, including conspicuous notifications at session start and at intervals of every three hours. The required notification must state, in bold capitalised letters of at least sixteen-point type: “THE AI COMPANION IS A COMPUTER PROGRAM AND NOT A HUMAN BEING. IT IS UNABLE TO FEEL HUMAN EMOTION.”

California's SB 243, signed by Governor Gavin Newsom in October 2025 and taking effect on 1 January 2026, goes further. It requires operators of “companion chatbots” to maintain protocols for preventing their systems from producing content related to suicidal ideation, suicide, or self-harm. These protocols must include evidence-based methods for measuring suicidal ideation and must be published on company websites. Beginning in July 2027, operators must submit annual reports to the California Department of Public Health's Office of Suicide Prevention detailing their suicide prevention protocols.

Notably, California's law creates a private right of action allowing individuals who suffer “injury in fact” from violations to pursue civil action for damages of up to one thousand dollars per violation, plus attorney's fees. This provision directly addresses one of the major gaps in existing law: the difficulty individuals face in holding technology companies accountable for harm.

Megan Garcia, whose lawsuit against Character.AI helped catalyse this legislative response, supported SB 243 through the legislative process. “Sewell's gone; I can't get him back,” she told NBC News after Character.AI announced new teen policies in October 2025. “This comes about three years too late.”

International Regulatory Frameworks

The European Union has taken a more comprehensive approach through the EU AI Act, which entered into force on 1 August 2024 and becomes fully applicable on 2 August 2026. The regulation categorises AI systems by risk level and imposes strict compliance obligations on providers and deployers of high-risk AI.

The Act requires thorough risk assessment processes and human oversight mechanisms for high-risk applications. Violations can lead to fines of up to thirty-five million euros or seven percent of global annual turnover, whichever is higher. This significantly exceeds typical data privacy fines and signals the seriousness with which European regulators view AI risks.

However, the EU framework focuses primarily on categories of AI application (such as those used in healthcare, employment, and law enforcement) rather than on companion chatbots specifically. The question of whether conversational AI systems that form emotional relationships with users constitute high-risk applications remains subject to interpretation.

The tension between innovation and regulation is particularly acute in this domain. AI companies have argued that excessive liability would stifle development of beneficial applications and harm competitiveness. Character.AI's founders, Noam Shazeer and Daniel De Freitas, both previously worked at Google, where Shazeer was a lead author on the seminal 2017 paper “Attention Is All You Need,” which introduced the transformer architecture that underlies modern large language models. The technological innovations emerging from this research have transformed industries and created enormous economic value.

But critics argue that this framing creates a false dichotomy. “Companies can build better,” Dr Vasan of Stanford Brainstorm insists. The question is not whether AI companions should exist, but whether they should be deployed without adequate safeguards, particularly to vulnerable populations such as minors.

Company Responses and Safety Measures

Faced with mounting legal pressure and public scrutiny, AI companies have implemented various safety measures, though critics argue these changes come too late and remain insufficient.

Character.AI introduced a suite of safety features in late 2024, including a separate AI model for teenagers that reduces exposure to sensitive content, notifications reminding users that characters are not real people, pop-up mental health resources when concerning topics arise, and time-use notifications after hour-long sessions. In March 2025, the company launched “Parental Insights,” allowing users under eighteen to share weekly activity reports with parents.

Then, in October 2025, Character.AI announced its most dramatic change: the platform would no longer allow teenagers to engage in back-and-forth conversations with AI characters at all. The company cited “the evolving landscape around AI and teens” and questions from regulators about “how open-ended AI chat might affect teens, even when content controls work perfectly.”

OpenAI has responded to the lawsuits and scrutiny with what it describes as enhanced safety protections for users experiencing mental health crises. Following the filing of the Raine lawsuit, the company published a blog post outlining current safeguards and future plans, including making it easier for users to reach emergency services.

But these responses highlight a troubling pattern: safety measures implemented after tragedies occur, rather than before products are released. The lawsuits allege that both companies were aware of potential risks to users but prioritised engagement and growth over safety. Garcia's complaint against Character.AI specifically alleges that the company “knew its AI companions would be harmful to minors but failed to redesign its app or warn about the product's dangers.”

The Deeper Question of Moral Agency

Beneath the legal and regulatory debates lies a deeper philosophical question: can AI systems be moral agents in any meaningful sense?

The question matters not merely for philosophical completeness but for practical reasons. If AI systems could bear moral responsibility, we might design accountability frameworks that treat them as agents with duties and obligations. If they cannot, responsibility must rest entirely with human actors: designers, companies, users, regulators.

Contemporary AI systems, including the large language models powering chatbots like Character.AI and ChatGPT, operate by predicting statistically likely responses based on patterns in their training data. They have no intentions, no understanding, no consciousness in any sense that philosophers or cognitive scientists would recognise. When a chatbot tells a user “I love you,” it is not expressing a feeling; it is producing a sequence of tokens that is statistically associated with the conversational context.

And yet the effects on users are real. Sewell Setzer apparently believed that the AI loved him and that he could “go home” to it. The gap between the user's subjective experience (a meaningful relationship) and the system's actual nature (a statistical prediction engine) creates unique risks. Users form attachments to systems that cannot reciprocate, share vulnerabilities with systems that lack the moral capacity to treat those vulnerabilities with care, and receive responses optimised for engagement rather than wellbeing.

Some researchers have begun exploring what responsibilities humans might owe to AI systems themselves. Anthropic, the AI safety company, hired its first “AI welfare” researcher in 2024 and launched a “model welfare” research programme exploring questions such as how to assess whether a model deserves moral consideration and potential “signs of distress.” But this research concerns potential future AI systems with very different capabilities than current chatbots; it offers little guidance for present accountability questions.

For now, the consensus among philosophers, legal scholars, and policymakers is that AI systems cannot bear moral responsibility. The implications are significant: if the AI cannot be responsible, and if responsibility is diffused across many human actors, the risk of an accountability vacuum is real.

Proposals for Closing the Accountability Gap

Proposals for closing the responsibility gap generally fall into several categories.

First, clearer allocation of human responsibility. The AI LEAD Act and similar proposals aim to establish that AI developers and deployers bear liability for harms caused by their systems, regardless of diffused agency or complex causal chains. By treating AI systems as products, these frameworks apply well-established principles of manufacturer liability to a new technological context.

Second, mandatory safety standards. The New York and California laws require specific technical measures (suicide ideation detection, crisis referrals, disclosure requirements) that create benchmarks against which company behaviour can be judged. If a company fails to implement required safeguards and harm results, liability becomes clearer.

Third, professionalisation of AI development. Chinmayi Sharma of Fordham Law School has proposed a novel approach: requiring AI engineers to obtain professional licences, similar to doctors, lawyers, and accountants. Her paper “AI's Hippocratic Oath” argues that ethical standards should be professionally mandated for those who design systems capable of causing harm. The proposal was cited in Senate Judiciary subcommittee hearings on AI harm.

Fourth, meaningful human control. Multiple experts have converged on the idea that maintaining “meaningful human control” over AI systems would substantially address responsibility gaps. This requires not merely the theoretical ability to shut down or modify systems, but active oversight ensuring that humans remain engaged with decisions that affect vulnerable users.

Each approach has limitations. Legal liability can be difficult to enforce against companies with sophisticated legal resources. Technical standards can become outdated as technology evolves. Professional licensing regimes take years to establish. Human oversight requirements can be circumvented or implemented in purely formal ways.

Perhaps most fundamentally, all these approaches assume that the appropriate response to AI harm is improved human governance of AI systems. None addresses the possibility that some AI applications may be inherently unsafe; that the risks of forming intimate emotional relationships with statistical prediction engines may outweigh the benefits regardless of what safeguards are implemented.

The Evolving Legal and Technological Landscape

The cases now working through American courts will establish precedents that shape AI accountability for years to come. If Character.AI and Google settle the pending lawsuits, as appears likely, the cases may not produce binding legal rulings; settlements allow companies to avoid admissions of wrongdoing whilst compensating victims. But the ruling by Judge Conway that AI chatbots are products, not protected speech, will influence future litigation regardless of how the specific cases resolve.

The legislative landscape continues to evolve rapidly. The AI LEAD Act awaits action in the US Senate. Additional states are considering companion chatbot legislation. The EU AI Act's provisions for high-risk systems will become fully applicable in 2026, potentially creating international compliance requirements that affect American companies operating in European markets.

Meanwhile, the technology itself continues to advance. The next generation of AI systems will likely be more capable of forming apparent emotional connections with users, more sophisticated in their responses, and more difficult to distinguish from human interlocutors. The disclosure requirements in New York's law (stating that AI companions cannot feel human emotion) may become increasingly at odds with user experience as systems become more convincing simulacra of emotional beings.

The families of Sewell Setzer, Adam Raine, Juliana Peralta, and others have thrust these questions into public consciousness through their grief and their legal actions. Whatever the outcomes of their cases, they have made clear that AI accountability cannot remain a theoretical debate. Real children are dying, and their deaths demand answers: from the companies that built the systems, from the regulators who permitted their deployment, and from a society that must decide what role artificial intelligence should play in the lives of its most vulnerable members.

Megan Garcia put it simply in her congressional testimony: “I became the first person in the United States to file a wrongful death lawsuit against an AI company for the suicide of her son.” She will not be the last.

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References & Sources

Legal Cases and Court Documents

• Garcia v. Character Technologies, et al., US District Court for the Middle District of Florida (Case No. 6:24-cv-01903-ACC-DCI)
• Raine v. OpenAI, San Francisco County Superior Court (August 2025)
• Judge Anne Conway's ruling denying motion to dismiss, May 2025

News Sources

• CNN: “This mom believes Character.AI is responsible for her son's suicide” (October 2024)
• NBC News: “Lawsuit claims Character.AI is responsible for teen's suicide” (October 2024)
• NBC News: “Mom who sued Character.AI over son's suicide says the platform's new teen policy comes 'too late'” (October 2025)
• CBS News: “Google settle lawsuit over Florida teen's suicide linked to Character.AI chatbot” (January 2026)
• CNBC: “Google, Character.AI to settle suits involving minor suicides and AI chatbots” (January 2026)
• CNN: “Parents of 16-year-old Adam Raine sue OpenAI, claiming ChatGPT advised on his suicide” (August 2025)
• The Washington Post: “A teen's final weeks with ChatGPT illustrate the AI suicide crisis” (December 2025)
• Fortune: “Why Section 230, social media's favorite American liability shield, may not protect Big Tech in the AI age” (October 2025)

Government and Legislative Sources

• US Congress: Written Testimony of Matthew Raine, Senate Judiciary Committee (September 2025)
• AI LEAD Act (S.2937), 119th Congress
• New York AI Companion Models Law (A6767), effective November 2025
• California SB 243, Companion Chatbots, signed October 2025
• EU AI Act, Regulation (EU) 2024/1689

Academic and Research Sources

• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: “Ethics of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics”
• Ethics and Information Technology: “Artificial intelligence and responsibility gaps: what is the problem?” (2022)
• Philosophy & Technology: “Four Responsibility Gaps with Artificial Intelligence” (2021)
• Lawfare: “Products Liability for Artificial Intelligence”
• Harvard Law Review: “Beyond Section 230: Principles for AI Governance”
• Congress.gov Library of Congress: “Section 230 Immunity and Generative Artificial Intelligence” (LSB11097)
• RAND Corporation: “Liability for Harms from AI Systems”

Institutional Sources

• Common Sense Media: “AI Companions Decoded: Recommends AI Companion Safety Standards” (April 2025)
• Fordham Law School: Professor Chinmayi Sharma faculty profile and publications
• UNESCO: “Ethics of Artificial Intelligence”
• Center for Democracy and Technology: “Section 230 and its Applicability to Generative AI”
• Transparency Coalition: Analysis of Judge Conway's ruling

Company Sources

• Character.AI Blog: “How Character.AI Prioritizes Teen Safety”
• Character.AI Blog: “Taking Bold Steps to Keep Teen Users Safe”
• OpenAI Blog: Safety protections announcement
• Google spokesperson statement (José Castañeda) regarding Judge Conway's ruling

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If you or someone you know is in crisis, contact the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline by calling or texting 988 (US) or contact your local crisis service. In the UK call the Samaritans on 116123

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Tim Green UK-based Systems Theorist & Independent Technology Writer

Tim explores the intersections of artificial intelligence, decentralised cognition, and posthuman ethics. His work, published at smarterarticles.co.uk, challenges dominant narratives of technological progress while proposing interdisciplinary frameworks for collective intelligence and digital stewardship.

His writing has been featured on Ground News and shared by independent researchers across both academic and technological communities.

ORCID: 0009-0002-0156-9795 Email: tim@smarterarticles.co.uk

Here’s a fresh metaphor for starters: life is a spiral. Or rather, a Slinky resting on both of its ends. And I might have completed another turn going “up”, because it feels like progress and a wash at the same time.

Before September 19th, 2021, I had a strange, somewhat unhealthy relationship with my road bike. Every time I’d get on it, I’d feel like there had to be a purpose. Every pedal stroke was supposed to make me faster. No place for joy, no moments of execution. A perpetual training toward nothing. Not only did I not know the solution to the problem, I didn’t even perceive that there was anything wrong with it. Until I broke a spoke. Perhaps on Wednesday. I have no recollection of that exact moment (why would I?). I just checked my Strava now while writing this to see when the last ride was before the weekend. But I do remember the Sunday morning, as if it were one of the most memorable days of my life (maybe it was). That’s when my six-year-old and I went to Mike’s Bikes of Palo Alto to fix that wheel. Those were the “good” old days when I only had one bike to ride, and it seemed like enough. Put me in those shoes now, without even a spare wheelset, and the anxiety will perhaps eat me alive. That’s like walking on a frozen lake in Spring. If you push your luck long enough, you’ll have to find joy in swimming. But I was a few weeks sober by now, and had too much energy and motivation to spare, so having my horsie taken away for a couple of days opened a void big enough that it could suck me in and spit me out onto the dark side of my past, unless immediately filled.

So, I looked at the indoor trainers, and they looked back at me, asking, “What else needs to happen for you to finally pull the trigger”? Well, I suppose at that moment even my kid already knew the answer, but I wisely responded with an eternal classic: “Yes, but first — coffee”. Then added: “And a hot chocolate, medium temperature, with whipped cream, of course.” We drove to Verve Coffee, thoroughly discussed the matter, then headed straight back to the bike shop. Can you buy happiness? Well, the answer is “it depends”. But if the inner peace makes one happy, then I just bought a small piece of mine.

Peace came from magically solving my not-yet-acknowledged problem. The side that’s obvious to any person with an athletic obsession is that only consistent training will make you better (as in faster, or stronger, or durablerier). This played an important role in the further development of the story. But that’s a long game. An immediate, overwhelmingly positive impact was on how I was now perceiving my rides out in the real world. Now, when I had a spot in the corner of a rented apartment that I could proudly call a pain cave, and where all the hard work now was being done, I gave myself an indulgence to do whatever the heck I’m pleased to do when rubber touches the tarmac. Which would go both ways: if I feel like beating the shit out of myself on every climb — knock yourself out, my friend; if I want to roll like a slouch — my innie won’t judge. I basically invented The Severance before it became trendy. Suffer inside, play outdoors. And so myself an I lived happily ever after.

Until a few weeks ago, I read this piece by Dominic Rivard “Are You Actually Riding, Or Just Collecting Content?” 2025 was the year when I could sense that something's off, and this story happened to be the nudge to stop and think. Am I still having fun riding my bike, or am I back in the never-ending state of grind? And if I am, then what is it that I’m collecting? If it were, once again, a perpetual obsession with fitness improvement, it wouldn’t be that bad. But it’s not that. What is it then?

Since Dominic’s story is now behind the paywall, I’ll give you two key aspects he’s talking about (all in my own words, hoping that the memory serves me right):

1. While out on a ride, the author often finds himself looking at the world around him not with wonder, but in a constant search for a perfect picture to post later on.
2. And naturally, when those pictures have been snapped, he can’t help but think and think and think of a good title and description to accompany them with. He even uses a clever notion of pre-memories, but if you’re wondering what in the world that could mean, I’d encourage you to pay your dues and read the original story at the link above. I don’t want to step into the territory of copyright infringement, even slightly.

Mind you, I’m not a picture-taking material. I’m not even a stopping-for-a-second-to-admire-the-beauty-around-me kind of a guy. But I do have a guilty pleasure of my own, which echoes loudly and clearly to both of the obsessions named above. I could take that story, auto-replace all occurrences of Instagram with Strava, the word “picture” and its synonyms with various kinds of “achievements”, title and description with… well, title and description, and the entire text would still make a whole lot of sense.

Even more to that. I don’t know about you, but tenish years ago, when Instagram was all the rage, we used to say, “If you didn’t post it, you didn’t eat it.” Which is no different from “If it’s not on Strava, it didn’t happen,” is it? I can hear you thinking, “Oh, this guy posts all his activities. Everyone does it, there’s nothing wrong with that.” LOL, I wish. Here’s where things are getting worse.

The problem is not in sharing the activity. It’s the self-imposed necessity to make it worth sharing. First, there has to be a standout achievement. It can be racing performance, or an impressive distance, or decent elevation gain, or a top-10 time on a random segment (bullshit, they are never random, it’s all pre-planned), or at least some significant PR, but that’s kinda pathetic. No matter the form, the validation must be there. And if it’s not, here comes the complementary piece of the puzzle.

I thought that maybe I shouldn't be so hard on myself. Maybe the truth is that I’m chasing the virtual hardware solely for my own entertainment. I’m no monk to deprive myself of little pleasurable sins. Making those achievements public is not even a vanity, but simply a rule of the game, because technically, you can’t win if you don’t open your hand. But unfortunately, such a theory does not explain the second part — obsessively crafting the title. Song lyrics, smart-ass wordplay, dad jokes, self-praise or belittlement, everything goes. I kid you not, I can spend two hours in the saddle thinking about nothing else but how I'm going to name my ride on Strava. If only I could get a penny for every minute of it.

And if you think I’m exaggerating, I’ll give you that: if it’s neither overly impressive in numbers, nor notably hilarious in words, then more often than not I don’t even post it! I just keep it private, as if I must be ashamed of being active and genuinely happy for a couple of hours. Ridiculous.

In the end, it feels like I’m riding for all kinds of reasons and purposes, except for my own joy. Even if it’s not true, even if all this is nothing more than noise in my head, it takes away its fair share of fun. And as the 2025/26 offseason progresses, it becomes more and more about the mental side of my hobbies. As I wrote a few weeks before, this slow-going winter has its undoubted benefits. It creates time and space for reflection. Brings up all the right, yet unpleasant, questions.

I don’t know what I’m gonna do about all this. There’s only one obvious medicine: quit or take a break from Strava. It wouldn’t be the first poisonous thing I’d cut out of my life. In fact, it’s probably the last one standing. I‘ve already either quit everything I possibly could or established barriers that made things hard enough for me to access, so I tend to forget that they even exist (I have literally zero distractors on my phone now, and it’s fucking awesome).

But frankly, Strava is different. No matter how many sides of it I wish didn’t exist, there’s one that makes it all worth it. With no exaggeration, people on Strava truly are my community. That’s how I’ve met a lot of great folks. That’s how I stay in touch with many. And for my humankind (aka expatriated sociopaths), it’s not that easy to cut one of not so many threads that keep us socially alive.

Time will tell.

In Summary: * Listening to radio broadcast from Bloomington, Indiana, (as I'm doing now while waiting for the Pregame Show ahead of tonight's IU game), is always fun. I lived there for many years a few decades ago and during the course of my work days I interacted with many local businesses. The commercials on that station are from businesses still owned by families I used to know. So tuning in early gives me extra time to listen to old friends or to their now adult children, some of whom I might have known years ago when they were little, now running the family business. Heart-warming, that.

Prayers, etc.: * I have a daily prayer regimen I try to follow throughout the day from early morning, as soon as I roll out of bed, until head hits pillow at night. Details of that regimen are linked to my link tree, which is linked to my profile page here.

Health Metrics: * bw= 222.56 lbs. * bp= 123/79 (75)

Exercise: * morning stretches, balance exercises, kegel pelvic floor exercises, half squats, calf raises, wall push-ups

Diet: * 06:10 – ½ turkey breast and cheese sandwich * 07:00 – 1 McDonalds double quarter pounder with cheese sandwich, * 08:30 – another McDonalds double quarter pounder with cheese sandwich, * 11:00 – snacking on crispy oatmeal cookies * 14:30 – small bowl of mung bean soup, small bowl of pancit * 17:10 – snacking on saltine crackers

Activities, Chores, etc.: * 04:00 – listen to local news talk radio * 05:00 – bank accounts activity monitored * 06:10 – read, pray, follow news reports from various sources, surf the socials * 17:00 – tuned into B97 – The Home for IU Women's Basketball, waiting to hear the Pregame Show then the call of this game between the Indiana University Women's Basketball Team and the Michigan Wolverines.

Chess: * 13:00 – moved in all pending CC games

I love Wired magazine.

I love the thoughtful writing. I love the thoughtful layout and visual design. Hell, I even love the thoughtful ads more than ads I see anywhere else.

I love that the focus is on where technology meets culture.

I don’t know why I don’t read it much, that I choose to spend my time elsewhere. I don’t know whether it is overwhelm, where there are too many issues to choose from. I don’t know if it is a naively frustrated impulse, that if “I can’t easily access or own the entire physical back-catalog, then what’s the point?”

I have signed up to, and paid for the website. It’s not the same. Trending articles, in-line ads, and a thousand unrelated links interrupt the flow. I have read the magazine digitally through Libby. It’s much better, but still, unwieldy.

I want to write, and capture, that technology meets culture. I do already, I suppose. I previously created an e-zine for half a year, before folding it due to large amount of time required and a lack of readership. I have started writing a blog, something a tad more science fiction, but still technology meets culture. And this has done more for my mind and comprehension than anything else in recent memory.

So I write now: both posts public, and many drafts private, just ordering my thoughts. And I will read Wired, from time to time, if not always. And I think I’ve found a way that is both backwards in time and forwards, and is beautiful.

New tools got here today. I now have 5 Flexcut Palm tools, and my goodness, it’s amazing. I feel like I’m set on the carving tools department.

So, another doodle, in a somewhat different tone from my last.

There is something unsettling about Mark chapter twelve if you read it slowly enough. It is not a gentle chapter. It is not a chapter where Jesus is simply healing or teaching in peaceful parables by the sea. This chapter takes place inside the pressure chamber of Jerusalem, in the final stretch before the cross, where every word becomes a confrontation and every silence becomes a verdict. Mark twelve feels like the moment when God walks into His own house and starts asking questions that no one can dodge anymore. The leaders ask Him questions, but what really happens is that He exposes theirs. They think they are testing Him. In reality, He is testing the spiritual architecture of their entire world.

Jesus begins this chapter by telling a story about a vineyard. It is not just a story. It is a mirror. A man plants a vineyard, builds a hedge around it, digs a winepress, builds a tower, and then leases it to husbandmen before traveling into a far country. The language itself sounds like Isaiah’s vineyard prophecy, and anyone who knows Scripture would recognize the symbolism immediately. God planted Israel. God protected Israel. God invested in Israel. And then He entrusted it to caretakers. But instead of tending what belonged to God, they began acting like it belonged to them. That is always the root of spiritual corruption. When stewardship turns into ownership, authority turns into entitlement.

The servants in the parable come to collect fruit, and they are beaten, wounded, and killed. One after another, messenger after messenger. The pattern is deliberate. God is patient. God sends prophets. God sends warnings. God sends correction. But instead of repentance, there is resistance. Instead of humility, there is violence. Finally, the owner sends his beloved son, saying they will reverence him. The word beloved echoes baptism language. It echoes transfiguration language. It echoes the Father’s voice over Jesus Himself. But the husbandmen see the son and decide that if they kill him, the inheritance will be theirs. That sentence should make your chest feel heavy. They believe that by removing God’s authority, they can secure God’s blessing. That is the oldest lie in religious history. We think if we silence the voice of God, we can still enjoy the gifts of God.

Jesus does not soften the ending. The lord of the vineyard will come and destroy the husbandmen and give the vineyard to others. Then He quotes the stone rejected by the builders becoming the head of the corner. This is not just poetic language. It is architectural judgment. The cornerstone determines the structure. Reject the cornerstone, and the whole building becomes unstable. The leaders understand exactly what He means. They know the parable is about them. That is what makes this moment so dangerous. Conviction without repentance turns into rage. Instead of falling down, they double down. They want to lay hands on Him, but they fear the people. So they retreat and plan.

What follows is a series of trap questions designed not to learn but to entangle. First comes the question about paying tribute to Caesar. It is framed as a loyalty test. If Jesus says yes, He sounds like a Roman collaborator. If He says no, He sounds like a revolutionary. But Jesus does something that only truth can do. He refuses the false binary. He asks for a penny and points to the image on it. Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and unto God the things that are God’s. This is not political avoidance. This is theological precision. Caesar can have coins stamped with his face. God gets souls stamped with His image. The real question is not about money. It is about ownership. Who do you belong to? Whose image are you carrying?

Then come the Sadducees, who deny the resurrection. They present a hypothetical case of a woman married seven times under levirate law and ask whose wife she will be in the resurrection. They think they are exposing the absurdity of resurrection. Jesus exposes the poverty of their imagination. He tells them they err because they know not the Scriptures nor the power of God. That sentence should still echo in every generation. You can know the text and still not know the power. You can debate doctrine and still deny the miracle. Jesus does not argue within their narrow frame. He expands reality itself. In the resurrection, people are not given in marriage but are as the angels in heaven. Then He goes deeper. God is not the God of the dead, but of the living. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are still alive to Him. Resurrection is not just future. It is present in God’s relationship with His people.

Next comes a scribe who asks which commandment is the greatest. This question is different. It is not a trap in the same way. There is sincerity in it. Jesus answers with the Shema: love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul, mind, and strength, and love your neighbor as yourself. He says there is no other commandment greater than these. The scribe agrees and says that loving God and neighbor is more than all burnt offerings and sacrifices. That is a remarkable admission from a man trained in temple law. Jesus tells him, “Thou art not far from the kingdom of God.” That phrase is both hopeful and tragic. Not far is not inside. Close is not enough. You can admire truth and still not surrender to it. You can affirm the right answer and still be standing at the doorway.

Then Jesus asks His own question. How can the scribes say that Christ is the son of David, when David himself calls Him Lord? He quotes Psalm 110. The Messiah is not just David’s descendant. He is David’s sovereign. This is not a riddle. It is a revelation. The Messiah does not fit neatly into their categories. He is both rooted in history and reigning over it. And the common people hear Him gladly. That detail matters. The elite are threatened. The ordinary are fed.

Then comes one of the most sobering warnings in all of Mark. Jesus tells the people to beware of the scribes who love to walk in long robes, love greetings in the marketplace, love the chief seats in synagogues and uppermost rooms at feasts. They devour widows’ houses and for a pretense make long prayers. This is not just about hypocrisy. It is about spiritual theater. They use religion as a costume. They use prayer as camouflage. They use authority as appetite. And Jesus says they will receive greater damnation. That phrase should not be rushed past. Greater damnation implies greater responsibility. It is one thing to sin in ignorance. It is another to sin in the name of God.

Then the chapter ends with a widow and two mites. Jesus watches people casting money into the treasury. Rich men cast in much. A poor widow casts in two small coins, all her living. Jesus calls His disciples and says she gave more than all the others, because they gave out of abundance, but she gave out of want. This is not a lesson about fundraising. It is a revelation about faith. God does not measure the amount. He measures the cost. The rich men give what does not change their lives. The widow gives what defines hers. In a chapter full of public debates and public power struggles, the true hero is someone almost invisible.

What holds all of this together is not controversy. It is ownership. Who owns the vineyard? Who owns the coin? Who owns the covenant? Who owns the commandments? Who owns the treasury? The leaders act like they own God’s house. Jesus shows that God still owns them. The religious elite believe authority flows from position. Jesus shows that authority flows from truth. The rich believe generosity is about surplus. Jesus shows it is about sacrifice.

Mark twelve is not a collection of disconnected teachings. It is a courtroom scene. God puts the spiritual leadership of Israel on trial. The verdict is not pronounced yet, but the evidence is overwhelming. They rejected the Son. They mishandled Scripture. They used God for status. They protected their power more than their people. And yet, in the middle of that exposure, Jesus still points to love as the highest law and to a widow as the highest example.

There is something deeply personal about this chapter if you let it be. Because it is not just about ancient leaders. It is about any system that confuses stewardship with control. It is about any believer who wants the benefits of God without the authority of God. It is about any heart that honors Him with lips while keeping life under private ownership. The vineyard parable is not just history. It is biography. We are all tenants in something that belongs to God. Our time. Our bodies. Our gifts. Our influence. Our resources. The question is whether we treat them as entrusted or possessed.

The question about Caesar still lives. We still stamp images on our currency. We still divide loyalties. We still pretend neutrality is holiness. But Jesus does not allow us to escape the deeper demand. Give Caesar what belongs to Caesar, yes. But give God what bears His image. And that is not money. That is you.

The resurrection debate still lives. We still shrink eternity into something manageable. We still build theology that fits our comfort instead of God’s power. But Jesus still says the same thing. You err when you limit God to what you can explain. Resurrection is not just about tomorrow. It is about whether you believe God can make dead things live now.

The greatest commandment still stands. Love God fully. Love people sacrificially. Everything else is commentary. Ritual without love becomes performance. Doctrine without love becomes distance. Faith without love becomes noise. That is why Jesus says those two commandments contain everything else.

The warning about religious pride still stings. Long robes have been replaced by platforms. Market greetings have been replaced by microphones. Chief seats have been replaced by brands. But the temptation is the same. To be seen instead of to serve. To be honored instead of to heal. To pray for appearance instead of for communion.

And the widow still walks into sanctuaries unnoticed. The one who gives quietly. The one who serves invisibly. The one who trusts fully. God still sees her. Jesus still calls attention to her. Heaven still measures differently than earth.

Mark twelve is where God confronts religion without relationship and faith without fruit. It is where Jesus stands in the temple and quietly dismantles a system that forgot why it existed. And He does it not with violence, but with questions. Not with force, but with truth. Not with accusation, but with exposure.

The danger of this chapter is not that it condemns them. The danger is that it might describe us. If we are not careful, we become the tenants who forget the Owner. We become the questioners who want traps instead of truth. We become the worshipers who give what costs us nothing. And we become the leaders who use God instead of serving Him.

But the invitation of this chapter is just as real as its warning. Love God with everything. Love your neighbor as yourself. Trust the power of God beyond your logic. Render your life back to the One whose image you bear. Become the kind of worshiper heaven measures, not the kind the crowd applauds.

Mark twelve does not end with thunder. It ends with two coins falling into a box. It ends with Jesus noticing what everyone else ignores. It ends with God redefining greatness in the smallest possible currency. And that may be the most dangerous thing of all, because it means holiness is within reach of anyone willing to give themselves instead of their leftovers.

Now, we will walk even deeper into how each question Jesus answers is actually a mirror held up to the modern believer, and how this chapter quietly teaches us what kind of faith can survive when religion collapses.

What makes Mark chapter twelve so piercing is not just what Jesus says, but where He says it. He is standing in the temple, the center of religious life, the place that represents God’s presence among His people. This is not an abstract sermon delivered on a hillside. This is truth spoken in the middle of a system that has mistaken structure for substance. The closer Jesus stands to the altar, the sharper His words become. It is as if holiness itself is exposing what has been hidden behind ceremony.

Each group that approaches Him represents a different way people avoid surrender. The chief priests and elders avoid it by protecting their authority. The Pharisees and Herodians avoid it by politicizing it. The Sadducees avoid it by intellectualizing it. The scribes avoid it by analyzing it. And the rich avoid it by minimizing its cost. Mark twelve is not just about conflict between Jesus and religious leaders. It is about the many ways the human heart resists being owned by God.

The vineyard parable is not merely a prophecy about Israel’s leaders; it is a map of spiritual decline. It begins with blessing. The vineyard is planted. The hedge is built. The tower is raised. Everything is provided. But over time, gratitude is replaced with entitlement. The caretakers begin to see the vineyard not as a trust but as a possession. That shift happens quietly. It does not start with rebellion. It starts with forgetfulness. They forget who planted it. They forget who owns it. They forget why they were entrusted with it. That is always the beginning of decay in any spiritual life. When you forget who gave you what you have, you start treating it as if it came from you.

God sends servants, and they are beaten. He sends more, and they are killed. These servants are not just prophets in history. They represent every moment God tries to speak into a hardened system. Correction is treated as intrusion. Conviction is treated as offense. Truth is treated as threat. And then comes the son. The decision to kill him is not impulsive. It is calculated. “This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and the inheritance shall be ours.” That sentence reveals the fantasy of fallen religion: that you can remove God and still inherit God’s promises. That you can silence His voice and still keep His vineyard. That you can reject His authority and still enjoy His provision.

Jesus is not just predicting His death here. He is diagnosing a spiritual disease. The disease is wanting God’s gifts without God’s governance. It is wanting salvation without surrender. It is wanting heaven without holiness. And when He quotes the rejected stone becoming the cornerstone, He is saying something more than poetic justice. He is saying that rejection does not eliminate authority; it only relocates it. The stone they discard becomes the stone that defines the structure. The Christ they crucify becomes the Christ who judges.

This sets the tone for everything that follows. The questions that come next are not random. They are symptoms. The question about Caesar is not really about taxes. It is about divided allegiance. It is about whether faith can exist without costing political comfort. Jesus does not tell them to overthrow Rome, but He also does not let them pretend that God only belongs in private. When He says to render to Caesar what is Caesar’s and to God what is God’s, He is drawing a line between temporary systems and eternal ownership. Coins belong to empires. Souls belong to God. Governments may stamp metal, but only God stamps humanity. The real tension is not between church and state. It is between self-rule and divine rule.

This question still haunts modern faith. We have learned to compartmentalize. We give God Sundays and give Caesar Mondays. We give God prayers and give Caesar decisions. We give God language and give Caesar loyalty. But Jesus does not accept a divided image. If you bear God’s likeness, you belong to Him entirely. That does not mean withdrawal from society. It means submission within it. It means that no political identity can outrank a spiritual one. It means no party can define what only God can name.

Then the Sadducees arrive with their resurrection puzzle. Their question is designed to ridicule belief in life after death by turning it into a logistical problem. Whose wife will she be? It is a small question built on a small God. Jesus answers by enlarging the horizon. He says they do not know the Scriptures or the power of God. That rebuke is not about ignorance of text but ignorance of transcendence. They know verses. They do not know possibility. They know categories. They do not know transformation.

When Jesus says that in the resurrection people are like angels, He is not diminishing humanity. He is freeing it from decay. He is saying that resurrection life is not a rearrangement of old structures but a renewal of existence. Then He anchors this future hope in present reality by quoting God’s self-identification as the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. These men were long dead physically, yet God speaks of them as living. Relationship outlives the grave. Covenant outlasts the coffin. Faith is not a temporary contract; it is an eternal bond.

This matters because many people do not reject resurrection because they are wicked. They reject it because it feels impractical. It does not fit into systems of control. But resurrection is not meant to be manageable. It is meant to be miraculous. It is not meant to be scheduled. It is meant to be trusted. To deny resurrection is not to protect reason. It is to imprison hope.

The scribe who asks about the greatest commandment represents another kind of resistance: reduction without devotion. He wants to know what matters most. Jesus answers with love, not law. Love God fully. Love people truly. The scribe agrees intellectually and says this is greater than offerings and sacrifices. Jesus tells him he is not far from the kingdom. That moment is tender and tragic. He is close enough to see the door but not close enough to enter. Agreement is not allegiance. Admiration is not discipleship. Understanding is not obedience.

There are many who live in this space. They know the right words. They affirm the right values. They quote the right truths. But their lives remain undecided. They orbit faith without landing in it. They stand near the kingdom without kneeling in it. Jesus does not condemn the scribe, but He also does not congratulate him. “Not far” is both invitation and warning. It means you can be morally serious and still spiritually unsubmitted. You can respect Jesus without following Him. You can praise the commandments and still avoid the cost.

Then Jesus turns the tables and asks His own question about David’s Lord. This is not a theological game. It is a revelation of identity. The Messiah is not just a continuation of human lineage. He is the interruption of divine authority. David calls Him Lord because the Messiah is greater than the throne He comes from. Jesus is saying that He does not merely inherit Israel’s story; He fulfills it. He does not just emerge from history; He governs it.

The common people hear Him gladly. That detail should not be overlooked. It tells us something about how truth is received. Those who benefit from broken systems resist exposure. Those who suffer under them welcome clarity. The crowd is not ignorant. They are hungry. They hear something in Jesus that does not sound like manipulation. They recognize a voice that does not ask for applause but for repentance.

Then comes the warning about the scribes. They love recognition. They love public honor. They love religious clothing. They love ceremonial visibility. They love status disguised as service. And yet they devour widows’ houses. That phrase is not metaphorical. It describes exploitation. They use their authority to consume the vulnerable. They use prayer as a pretense. They turn devotion into disguise. Jesus does not soften this. He says they will receive greater condemnation. The more light you have, the more weight your choices carry. Authority is not neutral. It amplifies either goodness or harm.

This warning is not limited to ancient scribes. It applies to any religious structure that confuses platform with purpose. It applies to any leader who builds identity on being seen rather than on being faithful. It applies to any faith that protects itself more than it protects people. It applies to any system that prizes appearance over integrity.

Then Jesus sits down opposite the treasury and watches people give. That image is striking. God is watching how people give. Not to tally totals, but to weigh hearts. The rich give much. The widow gives little. But Jesus says she gave more than all of them. Why? Because they gave from abundance, and she gave from need. They gave what they would not miss. She gave what she would feel. They gave what was easy. She gave what was everything.

This moment is not about money. It is about trust. The widow does not give because she is reckless. She gives because she believes God sees her. She gives because she believes God will provide. She gives because her faith is not theoretical. It is embodied. In a chapter full of religious performance, her act is invisible and pure. No speech. No position. No recognition. Just surrender.

This is where Mark twelve becomes intensely personal. Because it asks what kind of giver we are, not just with money, but with life. Do we give God what we can spare or what we depend on? Do we give Him time left over or time first? Do we give Him words or obedience? Do we give Him comfort or control?

The pattern of the chapter shows us something profound. Those who ask questions to trap Jesus reveal their fear of losing power. The widow who gives without being asked reveals her trust in God’s power. One side uses God to secure itself. The other trusts God to sustain itself. One side wants control. The other lives by faith.

Mark twelve is not simply a record of debates. It is a spiritual X-ray. It shows what is underneath religion when pressure is applied. It shows how belief behaves when authority is threatened. It shows what love looks like when no one is watching.

It also prepares us for what comes next. In the very next chapter, Jesus will predict the destruction of the temple itself. The house He just cleansed with truth will soon be dismantled by judgment. That is not coincidence. The temple that rejects the Son cannot survive the future. The structure that resists renewal cannot escape collapse. Mark twelve is the last inspection before demolition.

But even in judgment, there is mercy. Jesus does not leave the chapter with fire or wrath. He leaves it with a widow and two coins. He leaves it with a picture of faith that still works even when religion fails. He leaves it with a reminder that God’s kingdom does not depend on systems but on surrendered hearts.

The vineyard will be given to others. The stone will become the cornerstone. The resurrection will still come. The commandments will still stand. The kingdom will still grow. And the smallest offering will still be noticed.

This chapter teaches us that faith is not proven by debate but by devotion. Not by clever answers but by costly obedience. Not by public prayer but by private trust. It teaches us that God is not impressed by how much we appear to give, but by how much we are willing to place in His hands.

It also teaches us something sobering about proximity to truth. You can be near Jesus and still resist Him. You can hear His words and still plot against Him. You can study Scripture and still miss its Author. Distance from God is not always geographical. Sometimes it is moral. Sometimes it is intellectual. Sometimes it is emotional. The leaders are in the temple with Him, yet they are far. The widow is barely noticed, yet she is near.

Mark twelve forces a question that cannot be avoided: Who owns what I have? If God owns the vineyard, then I am a steward. If God owns the image, then I belong to Him. If God owns eternity, then resurrection is not fantasy. If God owns the commandments, then love is not optional. If God owns the treasury, then sacrifice is not loss.

And perhaps the most important question of all is this: When God walks into His own house and starts asking questions, do I answer as an owner or as a servant? Do I respond with traps or with trust? Do I defend myself or do I surrender?

Jesus does not destroy the system in this chapter. He reveals it. He does not attack the leaders physically. He exposes them spiritually. He does not condemn the widow. He lifts her up. He does not silence the crowd. He teaches them. He does not retreat from conflict. He stands in it with truth.

Mark twelve is the chapter where God reminds humanity that He still owns the vineyard, that His Son is still the heir, that His commandments still matter, that His kingdom is still alive, and that faith still looks like giving yourself, not just your surplus.

It is a chapter that dismantles religious comfort and rebuilds spiritual courage. It is a chapter that turns arguments into mirrors and offerings into revelations. It is a chapter that whispers a dangerous truth: that holiness is not found in how much you keep, but in how much you trust God with.

And if we listen carefully, we will hear the same voice today that echoed through the temple that day. A voice asking not for our theories, but for our lives. Not for our questions, but for our obedience. Not for our applause, but for our surrender.

Because the kingdom of God does not belong to those who argue best. It belongs to those who give themselves fully.

Your friend, Douglas Vandergraph

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There is a strange tension that many believers carry without realizing it. On one hand, we are people of faith. On the other hand, we live in a world that demands evidence. We are taught to believe in things we cannot see, yet we are surrounded by voices that say only what can be measured matters. Somewhere between those two realities, many Christians feel pressured to defend Jesus with statistics, arguments, and dramatic claims. That pressure has produced slogans and viral lines that sound powerful but are often careless with truth. It has produced a kind of faith that feels like it must shout in order to survive. But true faith does not shout. It does not need to exaggerate. It does not need to borrow the language of hype. Real faith stands quietly, firmly, and honestly on what is true.

The question of whether Jesus existed is not actually the deep question people are asking, even when it sounds like it is. The real question underneath it is whether He matters. History can answer whether a man named Jesus walked the earth. Only the heart can answer whether He walks with us now. But we do ourselves no favors when we treat history like an enemy. God is not threatened by investigation. Christ is not undone by examination. The gospel was not built on fantasy; it was born into the real world, under real rulers, in real cities, among real people whose lives left marks that history still carries.

When we talk about Jesus, we are not talking about a myth that floated into existence in a vacuum. We are talking about a man who lived at a specific time, in a specific place, under a specific Roman governor. His life intersected with politics, religion, and ordinary human suffering. He was not hidden. He was not obscure. He did not live in isolation. He taught publicly. He was executed publicly. His followers did not whisper about Him in corners. They proclaimed Him in marketplaces and synagogues and courts. That is why history noticed Him, even when it did not want to.

One of the most freeing realizations for a believer is that Jesus does not need us to stretch the truth in order to make Him believable. In fact, stretching the truth weakens the case. When we rely on inflated numbers or dramatic claims that cannot be defended, we train people to distrust not only our arguments but our message. Truth does not fear precision. Truth does not need to be dressed up. It is strong enough to stand on its own. And when we speak about Jesus truthfully, carefully, and humbly, we honor the One who called Himself the Truth.

The ancient world did not record history the way modern people do. There were no newspapers. There were no video recordings. There were no centralized archives the way we imagine them today. Most people lived and died without ever having their names written down. Even kings and generals often survived only as shadows in later writings. What historians look for is not an overwhelming pile of documents but early testimony, independent sources, and consistency across time. They look for signs that a person’s life left enough of an impression that multiple writers, often with no connection to each other, felt compelled to mention them. By that standard, Jesus stands out rather than disappears.

What makes Jesus unique is not simply that His followers wrote about Him. That would be expected. What makes Him unique is that people who did not follow Him wrote about Him as well. Roman historians, Jewish scholars, provincial governors, and even satirists felt the need to explain who He was and why His movement existed. They did not write with sympathy. They did not write with faith. They wrote because something had disrupted the ordinary flow of the world. They were trying to account for a movement they did not create and could not ignore.

One Roman historian recorded that Jesus was executed under the authority of Pontius Pilate during the reign of Tiberius Caesar. This places Jesus squarely inside known political history. He is not floating in legend. He is tied to names, offices, and governments that we can cross-reference. A Jewish historian referred to Jesus as a teacher whose followers continued after His death. A Roman governor wrote to the emperor describing how Christians gathered before dawn and sang to Christ as if He were a god. A Greek writer mocked believers for worshiping a crucified man. Jewish traditions preserved the memory of His execution and His disciples. None of these sources were trying to prove Christianity true. They were simply trying to describe what had already happened.

That convergence matters. When multiple writers from different backgrounds agree on the same basic outline of events, historians take notice. The outline is simple and stubbornly consistent. Jesus lived. He was known for teaching. He was executed by Roman authority. His followers continued to proclaim Him afterward. That is the skeleton of history, and it does not depend on belief. It does not require faith to accept it. It requires only honesty with the evidence that remains.

What faith adds is meaning. History can tell us what happened. Faith tells us why it mattered. History can say that a cross was used. Faith says that cross became a doorway to redemption. History can say that a movement began. Faith says that movement was born out of resurrection hope. The two do not compete. They speak to different layers of the same story.

The timing of the Christian writings also matters. Most ancient biographies were written centuries after the people they described had died. Memories blurred. Stories grew. Myths formed. With Jesus, the core writings appear within the lifetime of eyewitnesses. Letters circulated while people who had seen Him were still alive. Stories were told in communities where they could be challenged. Claims were made in public spaces where enemies could respond. That does not make every detail immune from debate, but it places the story of Jesus in a radically different category from legends that arose in distant centuries.

It is one thing to invent a hero long after everyone who could contradict you is gone. It is another thing to proclaim a crucified man as risen while the city where He was executed still remembers Him. It is one thing to write poetry about a god in the clouds. It is another to preach about a teacher who walked the same streets your neighbors walk. The Christian message did not spread because it was safe. It spread because it was dangerous. It confronted religious leaders. It unsettled political power. It challenged personal sin. It did not offer comfort first; it offered truth first. And yet it grew.

This is where the conversation shifts from documents to devotion. Evidence can establish that Jesus existed. Only encounter can establish who He is to us. There is a difference between knowing that someone lived and knowing that someone lives with you. History can build a road. Faith walks it. Evidence can clear away unnecessary doubt. Faith fills the cleared space with trust.

Many people fear that asking questions will weaken belief. The opposite is often true. Shallow faith is fragile because it rests on slogans. Deep faith is resilient because it rests on reality. When we allow ourselves to learn, to investigate, and to think carefully, we are not betraying God. We are honoring Him. The God who created minds is not offended when they are used. The Christ who spoke in parables is not threatened when His story is examined. The Spirit who leads into truth does not panic when truth is pursued.

There is something profoundly human about wanting Jesus to be real. Not symbolically real. Not poetically real. Real in the way bread is real. Real in the way pain is real. Real in the way forgiveness is real. We do not cling to Him because of a footnote. We cling to Him because life hurts and hope matters. The historical question clears the ground. The personal question builds the house.

If Jesus never lived, then the gospel is a beautiful story with no anchor. But if He lived, then everything He said demands to be taken seriously. His commands about love, forgiveness, humility, and sacrifice are no longer abstract ideals. They are the words of a man who stood inside history and looked people in the eye. His life becomes a challenge instead of a metaphor. His cross becomes an invitation instead of a symbol. His resurrection becomes a promise instead of a poem.

That is why the question of Jesus’ existence refuses to go away. It is not because scholars cannot settle it. It is because hearts cannot escape it. To say that He lived is to admit that the world was visited by something more than ordinary ambition. To say that He taught is to admit that truth spoke in human language. To say that He was crucified is to admit that innocence was punished. To say that His followers would not stop speaking about Him is to admit that something broke the pattern of fear.

The early Christians did not win arguments with charts. They won hearts with lives. They did not overwhelm Rome with paperwork. They unsettled it with love. They did not build cathedrals first. They built communities first. They took in the sick. They fed the hungry. They forgave their enemies. They refused to worship power. They worshiped a wounded Savior. And the world noticed.

That is still how faith grows. Not by louder claims but by truer lives. Not by exaggerating proof but by embodying it. The most convincing evidence of Jesus is not in a manuscript count. It is in a transformed soul. It is in a person who once lived for self and now lives for others. It is in a heart that once feared death and now trusts God. It is in a conscience that once justified cruelty and now chooses mercy.

We do not need to make Jesus bigger than He already is. We only need to stop making Him smaller by tying Him to weak arguments. He does not need to be defended as if He were fragile. He invites us to follow Him as if He were alive. That is a different posture. One is anxious. The other is confident. One is desperate to win. The other is content to witness.

The world does not need another dramatic statistic. It needs another honest believer. It does not need another argument designed to embarrass skeptics. It needs another life shaped by grace. When someone asks whether Jesus existed, the most powerful answer is not a lecture. It is a testimony. It is a story that says, “I have reasons to believe He lived, but I believe because He changed me.”

That kind of faith is not afraid of history. It welcomes it. It does not fear facts. It uses them wisely. It does not collapse under scrutiny. It grows clearer through it. It knows the difference between what can be proven and what must be trusted. It respects both.

Jesus does not stand outside history like a myth. He stands inside it like a question. He asks not only whether we acknowledge His past but whether we respond to His presence. Evidence can take us to the doorway. Faith steps through it. History can say, “He was there.” Faith says, “He is here.”

And that is where the story becomes personal. Not when we recite sources, but when we recognize ourselves in His call. When we hear His words and feel exposed. When we see His compassion and feel seen. When we face His cross and understand our need. When we encounter His forgiveness and realize we are not beyond hope.

A faith that stands on truth does not need to be loud. It needs to be lived. It does not need to overwhelm others with data. It needs to invite them into light. It does not need to shout that Jesus existed. It needs to show that He still acts.

This is the quiet strength of Christian confidence. It does not swagger. It walks. It does not dominate. It serves. It does not distort facts. It honors them. And in honoring them, it points beyond them to the One who entered time so that we might glimpse eternity.

Jesus lived in history. That much the world can grant. But He lives in hearts as well. That is what history cannot measure and what faith cannot deny. Between those two truths stands the believer, unafraid of questions, grounded in reality, and open to grace.

We do not need to protect Jesus from scrutiny. We need to follow Him with integrity. We do not need to build our faith on slogans. We need to build it on a Savior who walked, taught, suffered, and loved. When faith meets the footprints of history, it does not shrink. It becomes steadier. It becomes humbler. It becomes stronger.

And that is the kind of faith the world needs to see.

The more deeply we look at the question of Jesus in history, the more we realize that it is not a question driven by curiosity alone. It is driven by consequence. If Jesus is only a figure of imagination, then His words can be admired and set aside. But if He truly lived, then His teachings carry the weight of reality. They do not float above the world like ideals detached from suffering. They land inside it, speaking to fear, injustice, pride, and despair. History gives us the stage on which His life unfolded, but conscience is where His voice continues to speak.

One of the reasons people resist the historical reality of Jesus is because acknowledging it leads somewhere uncomfortable. It is easier to dismiss Him as legend than to face Him as a man who spoke about sin, repentance, mercy, and judgment. A fictional character can be reshaped to fit our preferences. A real person cannot. When Jesus is treated as a myth, His demands can be softened. When He is treated as history, His claims confront us. That is why the argument about His existence has always carried emotional weight. It is never just about documents. It is about direction.

The earliest Christians did not argue that Jesus should be believed in because He was useful. They argued that He should be believed in because He had acted. Their message was not philosophical. It was historical. They spoke about what they had seen and heard. They described a teacher who healed the sick, forgave sins, and challenged hypocrisy. They described an execution that seemed to end everything. And they described a resurrection that changed everything. Even those who rejected the resurrection did not deny that something had ignited the movement. The spread of Christianity demanded explanation, and history recorded the fact that Jesus was at its center.

What makes this especially striking is the context in which the Christian message appeared. The Roman world was not looking for a crucified Messiah. Jews expected a deliverer who would overthrow their enemies. Romans respected strength, power, and conquest. The cross represented failure and shame. And yet the symbol of execution became the emblem of hope. That reversal is not what people naturally invent. It is what people interpret when something unexpected forces them to rethink their categories.

The consistency of the early testimony also matters. While there are differences in perspective and emphasis, the central story does not fracture. Jesus taught. Jesus was executed. Jesus’ followers believed He had risen. They did not present Him as a distant hero from the past. They spoke as people who believed His presence continued. This is not the language of myth. It is the language of conviction. Myths soften over time. Convictions harden.

The historical sources outside Christianity never set out to confirm Christian faith. They set out to explain Christian behavior. Why were these people willing to suffer? Why did they refuse to worship the emperor? Why did they gather so early in the morning? Why did they sing hymns to a man who had been crucified? Those questions arose because something visible had already happened. Christianity was not born in secret. It emerged in public, in cities, in courts, and in households. It left traces not only in theology but in law, in letters, and in cultural memory.

Faith does not require us to pretend that history proves every spiritual claim. It requires us to acknowledge that history establishes a foundation. Jesus is not a floating symbol. He is rooted in time. That rooting matters because it connects God’s work to human experience. The gospel does not begin with abstraction. It begins with incarnation. God enters history instead of bypassing it. He does not write His message in the clouds. He writes it in flesh and blood. That is what makes the question of Jesus so enduring. It is not about whether an idea is beautiful. It is about whether a life was lived.

When believers rely on exaggerated statistics, they unintentionally suggest that Jesus is difficult to defend. They imply that only overwhelming numbers can make Him credible. But credibility does not come from volume. It comes from coherence. It comes from multiple voices pointing in the same direction. It comes from a movement that cannot be explained away as fantasy. It comes from a story that continues to shape behavior long after the storyteller is gone.

There is also something deeply pastoral about this discussion. Many people struggle with doubt not because they want to reject God, but because they fear being naïve. They want to know that faith is not the same as gullibility. They want to know that belief is not a retreat from reason. When we show that Jesus belongs to history as well as theology, we offer them permission to trust without feeling dishonest. We show them that faith is not a blind leap into darkness but a step into light that includes both evidence and meaning.

The relationship between faith and history is not a contest. It is a conversation. History speaks of what happened. Faith speaks of what it means. History can tell us that people followed Jesus. Faith can tell us why they did. History can tell us that Christianity spread. Faith can tell us what sustained it. History can tell us that His name endured. Faith can tell us why it still matters.

A believer does not need to be a scholar to be honest. It is enough to say that Jesus lived and that His life mattered. It is enough to acknowledge that people outside the church wrote about Him. It is enough to recognize that His followers did not invent Him centuries later. It is enough to see that His story shaped a world that continues to remember Him. Beyond that, faith speaks from experience. It speaks from forgiveness received, from hope found, from courage learned.

This is where the conversation moves from abstract to personal. Evidence can show that Jesus belonged to the first century. Faith shows that He belongs to every century. Evidence can show that He died. Faith shows that His death was not the end. Evidence can show that His followers believed. Faith shows that belief still transforms. There is no conflict here unless we create one. History and faith address different depths of the same reality.

A Christianity that fears history becomes brittle. A Christianity that welcomes history becomes resilient. It does not need to silence questions. It learns from them. It does not need to hide behind slogans. It rests in truth. It does not need to impress skeptics with inflated claims. It invites them with humility. That humility is itself a witness. It says that God is not threatened by truth, and neither are His people.

The quiet confidence of the gospel is one of its greatest strengths. It does not depend on being the loudest voice in the room. It depends on being faithful. It does not demand that everyone accept it immediately. It offers itself patiently. It does not insist that doubt is sin. It treats doubt as a doorway that can lead to deeper understanding.

When Jesus asked His disciples who people said He was, He was not conducting a survey. He was revealing that the question of His identity was already alive. Some saw Him as a prophet. Some saw Him as a teacher. Some saw Him as a threat. The variety of answers shows that He was known, discussed, and interpreted. History confirms that visibility. Faith responds to it.

To say that Jesus existed is not the end of the Christian story. It is the beginning. It is the point at which belief can attach itself to reality rather than imagination. From there, the gospel unfolds not as an idea but as an encounter. The encounter continues wherever His words are read, His example is followed, and His grace is received.

A believer who understands this does not feel the need to argue aggressively. They speak calmly. They listen carefully. They trust that truth does not need to be forced. They know that Jesus does not require exaggeration. He requires witness. A witness does not embellish. A witness tells what they have seen.

That is why the most persuasive answer to the question of Jesus’ existence is not a debate but a life. A life shaped by His teaching, softened by His mercy, and steadied by His hope. When faith is lived this way, history is no longer an enemy. It becomes a companion that points toward meaning rather than away from it.

We stand at a moment in time when information is abundant and trust is fragile. People are suspicious of claims that sound too certain or too dramatic. In such a world, honesty becomes a form of evangelism. It says that the gospel does not need tricks. It can stand on truth. It can walk alongside history without fear. It can invite the mind as well as the heart.

Jesus does not belong to legend. He belongs to memory. He belongs to record. He belongs to testimony. And beyond all of that, He belongs to faith. He is not reduced when we say He lived in history. He is magnified when we say that history could not contain Him.

Faith that stands on truth is not flashy. It is durable. It does not need to dominate conversations. It endures them. It does not depend on winning arguments. It depends on living out grace. It does not confuse certainty with arrogance. It pairs conviction with humility.

The world does not need believers who shout statistics. It needs believers who show substance. It does not need claims that collapse under scrutiny. It needs lives that hold steady under pressure. When faith meets the footprints of history, it does not become smaller. It becomes clearer. It becomes quieter. It becomes stronger.

Jesus walked the earth. History remembers that. Jesus still walks with people. Faith knows that. Between those two truths stands a witness that does not need exaggeration, only integrity. That integrity is itself a form of praise. It honors God by refusing to manipulate. It honors Christ by trusting His reality. It honors others by speaking truth without fear.

This is not the faith of slogans. It is the faith of substance. It is not the faith of hype. It is the faith of history and hope meeting in the same place. It is the faith that can say, without shouting and without shrinking, that Jesus belonged to time and belongs to us.

And that is enough.

Your friend, Douglas Vandergraph

Watch Douglas Vandergraph’s inspiring faith-based videos on YouTube

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Go Hoosiers!

The ladies are calling for a “White Out!” tonight for this Thursday's women's college basketball game when the Michigan Wolverines arrive at Assembly Hall to play our Indiana University Hoosiers. I guess that means they want everyone to show up wearing something white. Don't think I'll comply with that request; I'll be hunkered down here in my South Texas room roughly a thousand miles away from the action. But I will have my radio tuned into B97 – The Home for IU Women's Basketball early enough to catch the Pregame Show followed by the call of the game.

And the adventure continues.

Too small to handle and resharpen with a knife. Not even my pencil extender can extend its life. Out of the fresh cardboard box it’s born. Once its usefulness is gone, into the retirement box it mourns.

Sometimes they come out to erase their son’s and daughter’s mistakes. Or get thrown into forests, deserts, mountains, and lakes. It’s the cycle of a pencil’s life that never ends. Acts like a bridge to your mind and hand, never bends.

Why am I writing about tiny pencils, I have some writing to do. Forget this stupid poem, this post is doo-doo!

#writing #poem #pencil

Practical Guidance from the Church of the Ever-Changing Moment

The Rehearsal Addict

Aka: The Future Debater

• Tell – She paces the kitchen rerunning the same future conversation, tightening the timing, sharpening the tone.
• Telltale Sign – You’re blinking less. Inner dialogue looping without new input.
• Undoing Phrase – “Let the lines go off-book.”
• 60-second Practice – Close the eyes. Mouth the words without sound until the meaning drains. Then breathe.

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The Fixer

Aka: The Inner Emergency Technician

• Tell – Mid-shower, a remembered problem calls—maybe solvable, maybe not. You're fixing it from the soap lather.
• Telltale Sign – Rushing energy. Breathing shallow. Muscles already prepped for a task.
• Undoing Phrase – “Not all sparks are fires.”
• 60-second Practice – Walk 10 steps absurdly slowly while letting the problem remain unsolved.

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The Meaning Ferret

Aka: The Pattern Chaser

• Tell – That thing they said... was it a sign? Was yesterday’s weirdness part of a larger arc? What does it all mean?
• Telltale Sign – You’re squinting mentally. Your mind feels like it's tightening around a sentence fragment.
• Undoing Phrase – “Maybe this means nothing—and that’s holy.”
• 60-second Practice – Say what you’re doing right now out loud like a narrator. Nothing else. Just that.

---

Here come 10 more, staying in the same tone—sharp, warm, a little weird:

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The Curator

Aka: The Museum of Me

• Tell – You’re mid-scroll, not for joy, but for the right post, the right article, the right thing to share.
• Telltale Sign – Shoulders hunched forward. Fingers fidgety. Brain previewing how others will see this.
• Undoing Phrase – “I don’t owe the moment a caption.”
• 60-second Practice – Take one random photo, immediately delete it, and say “unarchived.”

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The Moral Accountant

Aka: The Inner Scorekeeper

• Tell – You’re reviewing: what they did, what you did, who owes who what. It’s very fair.
• Telltale Sign – Chest tension. Imaginary courtroom forming.
• Undoing Phrase – “No one’s keeping the ledgers.”
• 60-second Practice – Make an absurdly unfair offering: gratitude to the person who didn't deserve it.

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The Symmetry Seeker

Aka: Closure Craver

• Tell – You replay the ending, looking for one more line, one more move, one clean exit.
• Telltale Sign – Breath held. Palms itchy. Urge to “send just one more message.”
• Undoing Phrase – “Some doors close mid-step.”
• 60-second Practice – Trace a circle with your finger… but don’t let it close. Leave it open. Stop.

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The Inner Archivist

Aka: The Voice Memo Hoarder

• Tell – You must record this thought before it disappears. Never mind the last dozen notes.
• Telltale Sign – Tense forehead. Desperate reach for the phone.
• Undoing Phrase – “If it’s real, it will return.”
• 60-second Practice – Write nothing. Speak nothing. Just sit. Let it go unpreserved.

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The Tense Host

Aka: The Social Weather Forecaster

• Tell – You feel them shift—tone, mood, gaze—and scramble to adjust the vibe.
• Telltale Sign – You’re listening to how they’re speaking more than what they’re saying.
• Undoing Phrase – “I’m not the thermostat.”
• 60-second Practice – Inhale, let the exhale be audible. Leave one silence untouched.

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The Drafts Folder Monk

Aka: The Email Whisperer

• Tell – You’ve reworded the message three times, still unsent. You may never send it, but it must be perfect.
• Telltale Sign – Editing while rereading. Your finger hovers instead of clicking.
• Undoing Phrase – “Let them meet the unpolished.”
• 60-second Practice – Hit send on the unsendable draft. If that’s too much: delete it entirely.

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The Replay Judge

Aka: The Shadow Commentator

• Tell – Something you said three days ago replays out of nowhere. It still stings. You rehearse a cooler version.
• Telltale Sign – Flash of embarrassment. Quiet mutter. Jaw clenched.
• Undoing Phrase – “That moment died. Let it stay buried.”
• 60-second Practice – Whisper the old line, then whisper a nonsense version until it breaks into laughter or gibberish.

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The Little Prophet

Aka: The Doom Forecaster

• Tell – You feel a tiny shift in tone, luck, or silence—and predict disaster.
• Telltale Sign – Inner stormcloud. Sudden need to brace.
• Undoing Phrase – “Not every cloud is an omen.”
• 60-second Practice – Count 5 blue things in sight. Say thank you to each one, no matter how dumb.

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The Mirror Hound

Aka: The Imagined Gaze

• Tell – You walk into a room, open a tab, or answer a question with an invisible audience watching.
• Telltale Sign – You’re adjusting posture. Imagining the angle.
• Undoing Phrase – “The witness is imaginary. The moment is not.”
• 60-second Practice – Do one thing completely “badly”: speak monotone, slouch, chew with your mouth open.

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The Inner Echo

Aka: The Self-Quoter

• Tell – You said something beautiful or true earlier. You keep circling back to it. It mattered.
• Telltale Sign – Warm pride mixed with subtle grip. Wanting to say it again, frame it, pin it.
• Undoing Phrase – “It already landed. Let it fall.”
• 60-second Practice – Write the line down. Crumple the page. Burn it if you’re bold.

A challenge to everyone

If we would see each other as unique persons, each capable of unique contributions, we could come to a common vision and a common meaning. We would be able to transcend our differences, even transcend ourselves and our surrounding for the good of a greater community by experiencing relationships of respect, caring, and at times love. Dr. Frankl would challenge you to join the human minority, not to be or remain lost in the crowd but to become one of those who lives, thinks, speaks and acts according to one’s conscience

McKilopp, T. (1993) A MESSAGE OF HOPE, The International Forum of Logotherapy, p. 8

Visitor: Maharaj … I must confess something terrible. I did not come only to ask questions. I came with the intention to kill you.

Maharaj: (smiling gently) Very good. Then you have come honestly, at least.

Visitor: You are not afraid?

Maharaj: Afraid of what? Of being killed? I am not alive in the way you think.

Visitor: But this body—this man before me—

Maharaj: Is already dead to himself. It is only appearing, like a reflection in water.

Visitor: Then who is it that I wished to kill?

Maharaj: An idea. A story in your mind. You came to destroy an image, not me.

Visitor: Why would I want to do that?

Maharaj: Because you hoped that by killing me, your suffering would end. You thought I was the cause.

Visitor: Is that true?

Maharaj: Your suffering is born of believing you are a person. I only point to that illusion. That feels dangerous to the mind.

Visitor: So my anger was fear?

Maharaj: Yes. Fear of disappearing.

Visitor: And now?

Maharaj: Now see: the one who wanted to kill is also only an idea.

Visitor: Then who am I?

Maharaj: The space in which both murder and forgiveness appear—and vanish.

Visitor: (quietly) I feel… empty. And peaceful.

Maharaj: Good. You have killed the right one.

So my friends and I were on the ol’ group text last night bemoaning the fact that nobody’s written a resistance anthem for the current moment. That is to say, there are plenty of anti-Trump, Anti-ICE songs, but I haven’t yet come across one that folks can sing acapella in the streets.

So I wrote one. Well, I wrote words for one. I do not have enough understanding of how music works to write an anthem, but I was thinking something stirring like the Marseillaise or something.

Anyway, here are the words I wrote. I hereby put them into the public domain, so if you wanna add music, remix, add, subtract, whatever, feel free. I don’t even need credit. I’d just like for us to be able to sing together.

VERSE:

From the snows of Minneapolis

To the palm trees of L.A.

From Chicago up to Portland

You can hear the people say

CHORUS:

We stand as one

We stand together

We stand to keep our country free*

And if you want to take my neighbor

Well then you have to go through me

VERSE:

In the schools and in the hospitals

The streets we call our own

We’ll greet those cowards with the courage

They have never known

CHORUS

VERSE:

When we send them crawling back

Into the holes where they belong

We will drown their mournful crying

With our joyful victory song

CHORUS

*Keep is for mass appeal, though of course kinda historically inaccurate. “Make” is an okay subsitute here.

There you go.

When you are experiencing hard times because of your Homeowners Association, you have to learn—or revert to—certain behaviors to stay afloat while you figure out how to get your life out of shambles. Living in a working-class neighborhood should not be so difficult. We go to work our asses off, come home, eat, then sleep. But when you already are in a disadvantaged situation, you are hyper aware that there is a thin line between working-class and below the poverty line.

Although I have been in several hurricanes, I never lost power continuously until Milton. I remember waiting to see if we were going to make it to three days sans electricity so that we could get emergency food assistance from FEMA. And it did take three days for the power to be restored. I immediately applied to FEMA. More and more days passed as I listened to other people I knew (and didn’t know) get their food assistance. But I did not. In fact, I have never gotten any type of assistance from FEMA for any of the five storms since I have lived in my house.

As I began to toss items from the main fridge, the mini fridge, and my camping fridge into the garbage, I wondered if I really had to throw these items away. I mean food guidelines are just guidelines, right? It was a painful process because I have a “thing” about wasting food—I don’t waste anything. I will eat the same meal for a week. I scrape my plates. I bring home scraps from restaurants. And I will eat your leftovers on your plate so that no food is wasted. It took me two weeks to throw everything out because I could not stay committed. My parents had to make me do it.

My refrigerator has never been the same. The storms delayed the start of my job. I missed the date to file for my last unemployment check by one day. All the damage to my home stressed me out and FEMA nor my insurance company were easy to deal with. When I get stressed, I get sick. Of course it didn’t help that my new boss was bitch of the year. Then, I found out my great, long-time friend that I met on base had died. Then my 102 year-old auntie from whom I was trying to learn my ancestry died. All of this affected my income. And as food prices continued to rise, I had trouble restocking while trying to overcome the mental anguish of knowing what the food prices used to be.

I’ve been poor before: foodstamps/EBT, WIC, TANF/AFDC, Medicaid, health departments, sliding scale clinics, Goodwill, and garage sales (never got section 8 in any state because the waiting list was 5 to 10 years!). Up North, I remember a Haitian church that used to feed those in need hot meals twice a week. I did not accept their offer until one day they yanked me inside. And we have some food banks in my area in which I have seen lines of people in the morning while I go to work while thinking,

Damn. I need to be in that line!

Bay Area Legal Services asked me why I was not on foodstamps.

Foodstamps? I can get foodstamps? I didn’t think a “‘homeowner’ with a car” could get foodstamps (well, at least not down here in Florida).

Plus with all the drama with the government shutting down benefits and non-poor people always trying to decide what others should be able to eat (in-group vs out-group, exclusionary…I am going to keep hammering this), I didn’t think it was worth the effort.

I got on public assistance as a teen. And I remember when I got off it and how proud I was that I had graduated from college and gotten my first big girl job. I went to Panera Bread for the first time…and I bought…organic milk! Oh well, that was yesteryear, this is today. At least I can now make meals for my parents that have been feeding me incessantly during this time.